Perimenopause and Menopause: An Overview

A Guide to the Menopausal Transition

Perimenopause and menopause are natural stages in the reproductive journey, signifying the gradual end of menstruation and fertility for many people characterised by low oestrogen hormone.

Perimenopause is the lead-up and menopause the milestone: together, they involve hormonal shifts affecting the body, mind, and emotions. Every woman will go through these changes in their lifetime.

What is Perimenopause?

Perimenopause describes the transition phase before menopause. Most experience it during their 40s, but it can start as early as the mid-30s or as late as the early 50s, lasting anywhere from several months to up to a decade. During this time, the ovaries produce less oestrogen, which leads to a variety of symptoms and increasingly irregular menstrual cycles.

Perimenopausal Symptoms

•  Irregular periods, often varying in length and flow
•  Hot flashes and night sweats, sudden heat and sweating episodes
•  Sleep problems, sometimes triggered by night sweats
•  Mood fluctuations or increased anxiety
•  Vaginal dryness and urinary changes
•  Reduced fertility, although pregnancy is still possible
•  Decreasing libido and sexual response
•  Changes like weight gain or breast tenderness

How Perimenopause is Diagnosed

Diagnosis is based mostly on symptoms and menstrual history. Hormone tests may sometimes be used, but results can vary widely due to fluctuating levels. Other blood tests to check thyroid dysfunction, diabetes and anaemia may be done as these can mimic the above symptoms.

Understanding Menopause

Menopause is officially reached when a person has gone twelve consecutive months without a menstrual period. The average age is 51, though it can occur earlier or later. Menopause may also be triggered by surgery, cancer treatments, or other medical reasons.

Menopausal Symptoms

•  Ongoing hot flashes and night sweats
•  Sleep disturbances
•  Vaginal dryness and discomfort during intercourse
•  Slowed metabolism and weight changes
•  Skin and hair changes, such as dryness or thinning
•  Higher risks for osteoporosis and heart disease

Emotional and Physical Impact

Beyond physical symptoms, the transition affects emotional health and self-esteem. Many experience mood swings, anxiety, and a sense of loss connected to fertility. "Brain fog" - forgetfulness and trouble concentrating - is common. Support from loved ones and professionals is valuable during this time.

Managing Symptoms

Every journey through perimenopause and menopause is unique. Management may include:

•  Exercise for bone, muscle and heart health
•  Balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D
•  Good sleep habits and stress-reducing techniques like breathing exercises and distraction
•  Stopping smoking, reducing alcohol, maintaining a healthy weight and blood pressure
•  Some women may need treatments like hormone replacement therapy including oestrogen, progesterone and testosterone with medical guidance
•  Alternative therapies, with professional guidance

After menopause, decreased oestrogen can increase risks of bone loss and heart issues, making healthy lifestyle choices and regular checkups especially important.

Menopause and perimenopause are significant life changes, but they can be navigated positively. With knowledge, support, and self-care, this transition can mark the beginning of a new, empowered chapter of life. Please contact your surgery to discuss this with your doctors.

Dr Suparna Behura FRCGP
Menopause Specialist

Monday-Friday – 8.00am-6.30pm
Tel – 01926 857331
www.castlemedicalcentre.co.uk
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22 Bertie Road, Kenilworth, CV8 1JP